Chinese policymakers expected to focus on Xi Jinping’s radical new climate targets at plenum on new five-year plan.
Chinese leaders will discuss ambitious new measures to tackle climate change on Monday at a government plenum to finalise a new five-year national development plan, after Chinese President Xi Jinping pledged to make the country “carbon neutral” by 2060.
Policymakers are under pressure to include radical climate targets in the new 2021-2025 five-year plan, with the COVID-hit economy weighing on their decisions.
Government departments drawing up the document were scheduled to complete the first draft by April, but Xi’s announcement to the United Nations that China will offset all its emissions within 40 years meant they must integrate the new climate goals.
Xie Zhenhua, formerly China’s top climate official and now adviser to the environment ministry, told Reuters that while the new targets were “based on ample research and calculation”, everyone would now have to make adjustments.
Before September, few expected China to promise more ambitious curbs on climate-warming greenhouse gases over the next five years, with policy documents signalling Beijing’s intent to make energy security and the economy its top priorities. It was also expected to go on a new coal-fired power construction spree, but government scholars have been forced to revise their old drafts.
“Right now, every level of government is busy working on the 14th Five-Year Plan,” said Kevin Lo, associate director at the David C. Lam Institute for East-West Studies in Hong Kong, who studies China’s environmental policies.
“The understanding is that there is no time to waste if China is to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060.”
Experts say China needs to bring the share of coal in its total energy mix from 58 percent last year to less than 50 percent by 2025, and provide enhanced support for technology like carbon capture.
It could start by setting an absolute emissions cap for the first time, said Zou Ji, head of the Energy Foundation China, which has been involved in five-year plan research.
“Our recommendation is to establish a target to control total carbon emissions (by 2025),” he said at a conference last week.
Not a ‘side issue’
Since 2019, China has made energy security a major priority, with the government supporting an increase in fossil fuel output and reviving coal-fired power projects.
Beijing also bet on new infrastructure to drive its economic recovery, and official data showed a spike in demand for energy-intensive products like steel and cement.
But China now has to rethink its plans, government researchers said.
He Jiankun, vice director of the National Expert Committee on Climate Change, said Beijing must cap emissions and even achieve “negative growth” in coal consumption by 2025.
China would need to stop building and financing all new coal-fired plants, Zou said, a move that would affect plans for an additional 300 gigawatts that are in the pipeline.
In comments circulated on social media, Li Tianxiao of the Development Research Center, a cabinet think-tank, predicted China would need to double wind and solar capacity to approximately 500 gigawatts each by 2025.
China has little time to spare. Consultancy Wood Mackenzie said solar, wind and storage capacities would have to rise 11-fold by 2050, while coal-fired power must halve.
“The most challenging part of the shift is not the investment or magnitude of renewable capacity additions but the social transition that comes with it,” said Wood Mackenzie analyst Prakash Sharma.
Zou said Xi’s announcement put climate firmly at the heart of China’s entire economic and political strategy, and China’s entire economic structure now faced “systematic change”.
“Climate will never be a side issue,” he said. “Its position is much, much higher than before.”
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October 26, 2020 at 01:46PM
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Xi’s carbon neutrality vow will reshape China’s five-year plan - Al Jazeera English
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